personalised learning
Pupils should be taught about: The particulate nature of matter the properties of the different states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) in terms of the particle model, including gas pressure changes of state in terms of the particle model Atoms, elements and compounds a simple (Dalton) atomic model differences between atoms, elements and compounds chemical symbols and formulae for elements and compounds conservation of mass changes of state and chemical reactions Pure and impure substances the concept of a…Read more
…poundsconservation of mass changes of state and chemical reactions Pure and impure substances
- the concept of a pure substance
- mixtures, including dissolving
- diffusion in terms of the particle model
- simple techniques for separating mixtures: filtration, evaporation, distillation and chromatography
- the identification of pure substances
Chemical reactions
- chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms
- representing chemical reactions using formulae and using equations
- combustion, thermal decomposition, oxidation and displacement reactions
- defining acids and alkalis in terms of neutralisation reactions
- the pH scale for measuring acidity/alkalinity; and indicators
- reactions of acids with metals to produce a salt plus hydrogen
- reactions of acids with alkalis to produce a salt plus water
- what catalysts do
Energetics
- energy changes on changes of state (qualitative)
- exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions (qualitative)
The periodic table
- the varying physical and chemical properties of different elements
- the principles underpinning the Mendeleev periodic table
- the periodic table: periods and groups; metals and non-metals
- how patterns in reactions can be predicted with reference to the periodic table
- the properties of metals and non-metals
- the chemical properties of metal and non-metal oxides with respect to acidity
Materials
- the order of metals and carbon in the reactivity series
- the use of carbon in obtaining metals from metal oxides
- properties of ceramics, polymers and composites (qualitative)
Earth and atmosphere
- the composition of the Earth
- the structure of the Earth
- the rock cycle and the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
- Earth as a source of limited resources and the efficacy of recycling
- the composition of the atmosphere
- the production of carbon dioxide by human activity and the impact on climate
